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// Blue Team & SOC

Malware Classification

21 Sep 2024 · 7 min read
Overview — An entry-level room on the SOC / Blue Team path that teaches an analyst to classify malware by behaviour rather than by name. It walks through the most common malware families, famous real-world examples, and the distinction between binary and script malware, closing with a hands-on simulation where you label SOC alerts based on what each suspicious process actually does.
PlatformTryHackMe
CategoryBlue Team & SOC
DifficultyEasy
RoomMalware Classification

Task 1 — Introduction

No graded question.

The room starts from a simple idea: malware is not one single thing but a toolbox for causing harm — stealing information, wrecking systems, or flooding the screen with ads. The SOC analyst's job is to spot it, classify it, and stop it. Classification matters because a file name (say system_update.exe) tells you nothing; what reveals a sample's true nature is its behaviour.

Task 2 — Malware Types

This task introduces the malware families, classified by goal and behaviour:

TypeCharacteristic behaviour
AdwareFloods the user with pop-ups and unwanted ads.
SpywareQuietly watches and exfiltrates user activity.
RansomwareEncrypts files and demands a ransom to restore them.
WiperIrreversibly destroys data; its goal is damage, not profit.
C2 / RATGives the attacker remote control of the compromised host.
Data StealerLocates and steals sensitive documents and data.
KeyloggerCaptures keystrokes to steal credentials.
CryptominerHijacks CPU/GPU resources to mine cryptocurrency.

Q: High CPU usage and a slow system.
A: cryptominer

Q: Locked files plus a ransom note.
A: ransomware

Q: The browser spams pop-ups.
A: adware

Q: Leaked internal documents.
A: data stealer

Task 3 — Real-World Examples

The theory is grounded in well-known real families, which help you associate each type with a historical case:

  • Pegasus — government-grade mobile spyware.
  • Akira — ransomware with double extortion (encrypts and also leaks).
  • Shamoon — a wiper that devastated oil-sector networks.
  • Agent Tesla — an infostealer with keystroke and screen capture.
  • RedLine Stealer — a keylogger and data-thief hybrid.
  • QakBot — a particularly resilient RAT/loader.

Q: Logs keystrokes and takes screenshots.
A: Agent Tesla

Q: Zero-click spyware on phones.
A: Pegasus

Q: Ransomware that also steals and leaks data.
A: Akira

Q: Devastated the Saudi Aramco network.
A: Shamoon

Task 4 — Binary vs Script Malware

Another classification dimension is how the malicious code is packaged:

AspectBinary MalwareScript Malware
FormCompiled executable (.exe, .bat, etc.)Scripting-language code (PowerShell, etc.)
Attacker advantageRobust and self-containedLightweight, flexible, easy to obfuscate
DetectionLeaves byte patterns AV can signatureHarder to signature; mutates easily

The task shows a LummaStealer example that drops its payload straight into memory to avoid touching disk, thereby dodging file-based detection.

Why it matters: dropping a payload straight into memory instead of the disk is a textbook Defense Evasion move in the MITRE ATT&CK framework — it maps to techniques like T1055 (Process Injection) and T1027 (Obfuscated Files or Information). A sample that never touches disk defeats hash- and signature-based AV, which is exactly why modern EDR leans on behavioural telemetry instead of static scanning.

Q: Script malware's favourite downloader.
A: PowerShell

Q: Another Windows executable extension.
A: .bat

Q: Leaves byte patterns for AV detection.
A: Binaries

Task 5 — Practical SOC Analyst Roleplay

The practical part puts the analyst in front of a batch of alerts: for each suspicious process you must issue a classification based purely on the observed behaviour, not on the file name.

#Observed alertClassification
1ads_service.exe generating pop-upsAdware
2system_update.exe stealing clipboard/email dataSpyware
3Mass .encrypted files plus a ransom noteRansomware
4disk_cleaner.exe destroying backupsWiper
5svchost32.exe beaconing to a C2Trojan (RAT)
6docu_manager.exe stealing sensitive filesData Stealer
7DLL injection into winlogon.exe capturing keysKeylogger
8svcupdate.exe hogging CPU to mineCryptominer

Note the pattern: several of the binaries (system_update.exe, svchost32.exe, svcupdate.exe) mimic legitimate Windows process names to blend in — which is exactly why classification leans on behaviour rather than the name.

Mapping to MITRE ATT&CK: each row above also lines up with a named ATT&CK technique, which is the vocabulary a real SOC uses to correlate this alert with others across the environment. The DLL injection into winlogon.exe is T1055 (Process Injection) combined with T1056 (Input Capture) for the keylogging; the beaconing from svchost32.exe falls under the Command and Control tactic (TA0011); the mass file encryption is T1486 (Data Encrypted for Impact); and the CPU hijacking for mining is T1496 (Resource Hijacking). Adware and generic spyware, by contrast, are usually bucketed as PUP/grayware rather than mapped onto this intrusion-centric matrix — a reminder that not every family in Task 2's table fits the same threat model.

Flag: THM{Malwar3_****************}

Task 6 — Conclusion

No graded question.

The room wraps up by reinforcing three ideas: malware has many faces (from noisy adware to destructive wipers); binaries leave fingerprints while scripts mutate like chameleons; and a SOC analyst survives by classifying fast and acting smart.

Key takeaways

  • Classify malware by its behaviour, never by the file name — names are trivially faked.
  • Each family has a behavioural signature: high CPU → cryptominer, encryption + ransom → ransomware, pop-ups → adware, exfiltration → data stealer, and so on.
  • Real-world examples (Pegasus, Akira, Shamoon, Agent Tesla) anchor each theoretical type to a historical case.
  • Binary malware leaves AV-signaturable byte patterns; script malware is lightweight, obfuscatable, and often runs in memory to evade file-based detection.
  • In the SOC, processes impersonating legitimate Windows names (svchost32.exe, system_update.exe) are a classic disguise tell.
  • Behaviour-based labels pair naturally with MITRE ATT&CK technique IDs (e.g. T1055 process injection, T1496 resource hijacking) — the common language a SOC uses to correlate this alert with the wider incident.