root@thehacksparrow:~/writeups$ SYSTEM ONLINE
root@sparrow:~/writeups$ cat intro-to-credential-harvesting.md
// Blue Team & SOC

Intro to Credential Harvesting

8 May 2025 · 10 min read · root access
OverviewIntro to Credential Harvesting is a premium TryHackMe room focused on credential access (MITRE ATT&CK TA0006) across Windows and Active Directory. The premise is simple: exploits get you in, but credentials move you around. Starting from a local Administrator on a workstation, the room tours Windows' credential stores (LSASS, SAM/SYSTEM, LSA Secrets, DPAPI, NTDS.dit) and chains a jump from local admin → Domain Admin on the domain controller — without firing a single exploit.
PlatformTryHackMe
CategoryBlue Team & SOC
DifficultyMedium
RoomIntro to Credential Harvesting

Mental model: where Windows keeps credentials

Windows and Active Directory store credentials in several places depending on whether a host is standalone or domain-joined. Each store exists for a legitimate reason (SSO, offline logon, application secrets), but to an attacker they are harvest points. Before touching anything, it pays to map where each secret lives and how it comes out.

  • LSASS memory — the lsass.exe process holds NTLM/LM hashes, Kerberos tickets and sometimes plaintext passwords in memory. It powers Single Sign-On. With SYSTEM access its memory is dumped to pull those secrets.
  • SAM + SYSTEM hives — the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) stores local account password hashes, encrypted with a key held in the SYSTEM hive. With both, the local hashes are recovered.
  • LSA Secrets — under HKLM\SECURITY\Policy\Secrets live cached domain credentials, plaintext service credentials and sometimes RDP passwords.
  • DPAPI vault — the Data Protection API encrypts application secrets (Wi-Fi, RDP, browser passwords) with the user's master key, derived from their logon password. Dump and decrypt it and all those secrets open up.
  • NTDS.dit — on a domain controller this is the crown jewel: the AD database with the NTLM hashes and Kerberos keys of every domain account. Steal it and you own the domain.
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